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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6y9PJipfpk
scoring Tony Hawk Pro Skater Assault Android Cactus Opus Magnum
High scores originated in arcade games, but can provide modern games with additional benefits. Achieving a high score can be like an additional difficulty level if it requires more skillful play; it can turn the game into a very different, second game; and it can incentivize personal performance within levels. But, take care to avoid the downside of demoralizing players by slapping them with a poor ranking.
https://www.gamesprecipice.com/complexity-emergent-gameplay/
emergent gameplay depth complexity mechanics scoring cross-game analysis
Complexity, depth, and the ratio between them determines emergent gameplay. A look at some board games that create depth out of simple mechanics, and how rules, scoring, and social elements can increase depth without increasing complexity. (Looks at board games, but directly applicable to video games.)